Shijiazhuang, located on the eastern edge of the Eurasian continent at mid-latitudes, has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate. Solar radiation varies significantly seasonally, with frequent high and low pressure fluctuations on the surface. Four distinct seasons are characterized by significant differences in temperature, concentrated rainfall, and distinct dry and wet periods. Summers and winters are longer, while spring and autumn are shorter. Spring lasts approximately 55 days, summer 105 days, autumn 60 days, and winter 145 days. Spring is dry with low precipitation, often experiencing northerly or southerly winds of force 5 or 6. Temperatures rise rapidly in April. Influenced by warm and humid ocean air currents in summer, June, July, and August account for 63%-70% of the annual precipitation. In autumn, influenced by the Mongolian High Pressure, weather is sunny, with few clouds and moderate temperatures. Late autumn is dominated by northeasterly winds, with cold waves occurring. In winter, influenced by the Siberian High Pressure, northwesterly winds prevail, resulting in a cold, dry climate with clear, few clouds, and little precipitation.
Shijiazhuang's average annual sunshine hours account for 58-65% of the available hours. Of the four seasons, spring has the most sunshine hours, followed by summer, and winter has the least. May has the most sunshine hours in spring, while November has the least.
Shijiazhuang's average annual temperature ranges from 11.8°C to 13.3°C. The main factors influencing temperature distribution in Shijiazhuang are altitude, the foehn effect, the basin effect, and its geographical location. The hottest month in Shijiazhuang is July, and the coldest month is January.
Pecipitation in Shijiazhuang is characterized by large interannual variability, uneven seasonal distribution, significant regional differences, and concentrated precipitation in summer. The average annual precipitation is 480-570 mm. The geographical distribution of precipitation is characterized by more in the west and less in the east. Annual precipitation can reach a maximum of 1,181.7 mm and a minimum of only 200 mm. Precipitation intensity is highest in summer and lowest in winter.
Wind speeds in Shijiazhuang vary significantly with the seasons, with high winds in spring, low winds in winter, and low winds in summer and autumn. Northerly and southeasterly winds prevail year-round, with south-southwesterly winds being the least frequent. Shijiazhuang is located in the East Asian monsoon region, with a distinct shift in wind direction between winter and summer. Northerly winds prevail from September to February, while southeasterly-southerly winds predominate from March to August.
The humidity in Shijiazhuang is higher in the plains than in the mountains. Seasonal variations in humidity are significant, with vapor pressure lowest in winter, followed by spring, and highest in summer. Winter temperatures are low, but the air contains minimal water vapor, resulting in low relative humidity. Spring brings a rapid rise in temperature, strong winds, increased evaporation, and low relative humidity, with April being the lowest month of the year. In summer, southeasterly winds prevail, enriching the air with water vapor and causing a sharp rise in relative humidity, reaching 79.6% in August.