Jilin Climate

Climate: Jilin City has a temperate continental monsoon climate characterized by distinct four seasons. Spring is short, dry, and windy with little rainfall; summer is warm, humid, and rainy, with both rain and heat occurring simultaneously throughout the region. Autumn has a large temperature swing between day and night, with cool, sunny weather; winter is long, dry, and cold. The average annual temperature ranges from 3°C to 5°C, gradually decreasing from the west and northwest to the east and southeast due to the terrain. The lowest average temperature is in January, generally between -18°C and 20°C, while the highest is in July, generally between 21°C and 23°C, with a maximum extreme of 36.6°C. The average annual temperature range is 41.2°C. The growing season averages 148.7 days, and the frost-free period averages 130 days, with a maximum of 140 days and a minimum of 120 days. The average annual sunshine duration is 2,500 hours, and the annual total radiation is 110.8 kcal/cm². Temperatures above 0°C persist for 214 days, generally from April 1 to October 31. Jilin City receives an average annual precipitation of 650–750 mm, with an average of 126 rainy days per year, reaching a maximum of 154 days in 1959 and a minimum of 93 days in 2001. The highest annual rainfall reached 1,079.5 mm in 1956, and the lowest was 434.1 mm in 2011. Precipitation varies significantly seasonally, with the highest concentration occurring in the summer months of June through August, accounting for 64% of the annual total. July receives the most precipitation, at 155.0 mm, accounting for 25% of the annual total; February receives the least, accounting for less than 1%. Heavy rains occur most frequently from June to September, while hailstorms occur most frequently from May to October, with May, June, and September being the most frequent months. The average annual number of thunderstorm days in the region is around 50. Prevailing winds from the southwest, west, and northwest prevail throughout the year, averaging 3–4 m/s. The land starts to freeze in October, with the maximum permafrost depth reaching 1.9 meters and the freezing period lasting 170 to 190 days.