The Altay region, located in the heart of Eurasia at a high latitude, has a typical temperate continental cold climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and severe winters. The plains experience low precipitation, high evaporation, large diurnal temperature swings, abundant sunshine, and frequent monsoons year-round. The average annual temperature ranges from 0.7°C to 4.9°C, with an extreme minimum of -51.5°C and a maximum of 42.2°C. The average annual precipitation in the plains is 131-223 mm, with annual evaporation ranging from 1,367-2,066 mm. The frost-free period lasts 123-152 days, and the annual sunshine hours range from 2,829 to 3,045 hours.
