Kashgar Prefecture is a transportation hub in southern Xinjiang, with a relatively developed transportation industry. In 2023, Kashgar Prefecture's freight volume reached 40.4658 million tons, an increase of 5.3% over the previous year. Passenger volume reached 37.6433 million person-times, an increase of 15.6% over the previous year.
Railways: Kashgar Prefecture is served by the Southern Xinjiang Railway, the Kashgar-Hefei Railway, and the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway (under construction), with railway stations including Kashgar Station, Shache Station, Bachu Station, Yecheng Station, Yingjisha Station, Zepu Station, and Shule Station.
In 2020, Kashgar's railway passenger volume reached 1.4654 million person-times, and freight volume reached 10.1588 million tons.
In December 2024, the launching ceremony for the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway project was held. The China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway is a landmark project of the Belt and Road Initiative, personally promoted by the heads of state of China, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. The project begins in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China, enters Kyrgyzstan via the Torugart Pass, then heads west through the Kyrgyz border city of Jalal-Abad, and finally reaches Andijan, a city in eastern Uzbekistan.
Kashgar Prefecture has three international airports: Kashgar Laining International Airport, Shache Yarkand Airport, and Tashkurgan Khunjerab Airport, and is adjacent to Tumushuk Tangwangcheng Airport.
Kashgar Laining International Airport, the westernmost international airport in China, is poised to become a Central Asian aviation hub.
As of June 2021, Kashgar Laining International Airport was the second largest airport in Xinjiang, an international air gateway, and Xinjiang's only international alternate airport.
As of September 2023, Kashgar Prefecture had 39 domestic routes and 7 international cargo routes.